{"id":19192,"date":"2021-10-15T16:44:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T13:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/?p=19192"},"modified":"2021-10-23T19:23:30","modified_gmt":"2021-10-23T16:23:30","slug":"7-vazhnyh-komand-dlya-polzovatelya-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/uk\/7-vazhnyh-komand-dlya-polzovatelya-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"7 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Linux \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 Linux, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456 \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a. Linux &#8211; \u0446\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 Unix \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0456 Linux. \u0426\u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 Linux, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043a Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu \u0456 Mint.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0417 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 1991 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 Linux \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 Linux \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u041e\u0421 Linux \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u0421 Linux \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430. CLI \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0426\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e 7 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c Linux, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;cat&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">cat &#8211; \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u00abconcatenate\u00bb. \u0426\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 Linux. \u0426\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item\">\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre>cat &gt; &lt;file name&gt;  \r\n\r\n\/\/ Enter file content<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0442\u044c Ctrl + D. \u0406 \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre>cat &lt;file name&gt;<\/pre>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;cd&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 cd \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0456 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0432 Linux. \u0419\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u043c&#8217;\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>cd [Options] [Directory]<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \/ home \/ username \/ Documents. \u0412\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0454 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre>cd Photos<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0456\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c cd, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c &#8211; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443.<\/p>\n<pre>cd \/home\/username\/Movies<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \/ home \/ username \/ Movies. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 cd .., cd \u0456 cd- \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 Linux \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0456\u043c&#8217;\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u044f\u043a \u0454.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;echo&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 echo \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456 Linux.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>echo [Option] [String]<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 echo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">echo &quot;String&quot;<\/code>: \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043b\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">echo -e &quot;Learn nBy nDoing&quot;<\/code>: \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0433 &#8216;-e&#8217; \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0456 echo \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u043a\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;sudo&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">sudo \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u00abSuperUser Do\u00bb. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 sudo \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0457\u0432 root \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0449\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>sudo [command]<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 sudo \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 -h, -V, -v, -l \u0430\u0431\u043e -k, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b viz.alsa-base.conf, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0457 root. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e:<\/p>\n<pre>\u2013 sudo nano alsa-base.conf<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0432\u0456\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre>sudo bash<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;history&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c Linux \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u0432\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 history \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456 bash. \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>history<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 Linux.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;ping&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 ping \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0437&#8217;\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c. Ping &#8211; \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f&#8217;\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u044f\u0454 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e IP (\u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>ping [option] [hostname] or [IP address]<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0432\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 Google \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre>ping google.com<\/pre>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u043d\u0433 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 Google, \u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u0437&#8217;\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 Ctrl + C, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u043d\u0433. \u0412 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8220;locate&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 locate \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456. \u0419\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 find. \u0404\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 locate \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445; \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0454 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a. \u041e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 locate.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/h3>\n<pre>locate &lt;file name&gt;<\/pre>\n<h2>\u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0423 \u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e 7 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 Linux. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0456 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 Linux, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456 \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a. Linux &#8211; \u0446\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 Unix \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0456 Linux. \u0426\u0456 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 Linux, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043a Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu \u0456 Mint. \u0417 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 1991 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 Linux \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1501,"featured_media":19201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-terminal","category-review"],"blocksy_meta":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"uk","enabled_languages":["ru","uk"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b. \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/linuxthebest.net\\\/7-vazhnyh-komand-dlya-polzovatelya-linux\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/linuxthebest.net\\\/7-vazhnyh-komand-dlya-polzovatelya-linux\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ViGo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/linuxthebest.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/04b999a1ca3dcb92f80611ae9a4e29d1\"},\"headline\":\"7 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 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