{"id":12211,"date":"2017-07-14T21:51:25","date_gmt":"2017-07-14T19:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/?p=12211"},"modified":"2020-07-14T21:56:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T19:56:30","slug":"zashchita-ot-duraka-ili-kak-zapretit-izmenenie-udalenie-vazhnykh-papok-i-fajlov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/uk\/zashchita-ot-duraka-ili-kak-zapretit-izmenenie-udalenie-vazhnykh-papok-i-fajlov\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\/\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12213\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/uk\/zashchita-ot-duraka-ili-kak-zapretit-izmenenie-udalenie-vazhnykh-papok-i-fajlov\/bez-nazvaniya-9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png?fit=418%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"418,120\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png?fit=418%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12213 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png?resize=418%2C120&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"418\" height=\"120\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png?w=418&amp;ssl=1 418w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png?resize=300%2C86&amp;ssl=1 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 418px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 418\/120;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">chattr (Change Attribute) &#8211; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 linux, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438\/\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a root.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 Linux, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\/\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b chattr, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b , \u043a\u0430\u043a passwd \u0438 shadow, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 chattr:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre># chattr [operator] [flags] [filename]\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b chattr.<br \/>\n1. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c &#8220;\u0410&#8221;, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c atime \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<br \/>\n2. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c &#8220;S&#8221;, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c.<br \/>\n3. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 &#8220;a&#8221;, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430.<br \/>\n4. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 &#8220;i&#8221;, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c (immutable). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<br \/>\n5. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 &#8220;j&#8221;, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 ext3, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<br \/>\n6. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 &#8220;t&#8221;, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.<br \/>\n7. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c &#8220;d&#8221; \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 dump.<br \/>\n8. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c &#8220;u&#8221; \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ : \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c.<br \/>\n&#8211; : \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.<br \/>\n= : \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b chattr.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e demo \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b important_file.conf. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b ls -l. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# ls -l\r\ntotal 0\r\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 18:02 demo\r\n-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Aug 31 17:42 important_file.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 +, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f &#8211; \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 -. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr +i demo\/\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr +i important_file.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0411\u0438\u0442 +i \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 sudo.<br \/>\n\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b &#8216;lsattr&#8217;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# lsattr\r\n----i----------- .\/demo\r\n----i----------- .\/important_file.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443, \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: &#8220;Operation not permitted&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# rm -rf demo\/\r\nrm: cannot remove demo\/: Operation not permitted\r\n\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# mv demo\/ demo_alter\r\nmv: cannot move demo\/ to demo_alter: Operation not permitted\r\n\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# chmod 755 important_file.conf\r\nchmod: changing permissions of important_file.conf: Operation not permitted\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr -i demo\/ important_file.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b &#8216;lsattr&#8217;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# lsattr\r\n---------------- .\/demo\r\n---------------- .\/important_file.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#8216;-i&#8217; \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# rm -rf *\r\n\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# ls -l\r\ntotal 0\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \/etc\/passwd \u0438 \/etc\/shadow<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/etc\/passwd \u0438\u043b\u0438 \/etc\/shadow, \u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr +i \/etc\/passwd\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr +i \/etc\/shadow\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 &#8216;cannot open \/etc\/passwd&#8217;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# useradd tecmint\r\nuseradd: cannot open \/etc\/passwd\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430 &#8216;a&#8217;:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr +a example.txt\r\n\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# lsattr example.txt\r\n-----a---------- example.txt\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 example.txt, \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 &#8216;Operation not permitted&#8217;:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# echo \"replace contain on file.\" &gt; example.txt\r\n-bash: example.txt: Operation not permitted\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# echo \"replace contain on file.\" &gt;&gt; example.txt\r\n\r\n[root@tecmint tecmint]# cat example.txt\r\nHere is the example to test 'a' attribute mean append only.\r\nreplace contain on file.\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#8216;-R&#8217; (\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 &#8216;+i&#8217;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# chattr -R +i myfolder\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<pre>[root@tecmint tecmint]# rm -rf myfolder\/\r\nrm: cannot remove 'myfolder\/': Operation not permitted<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>chattr (Change Attribute) &#8211; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 linux, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438\/\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a root.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1501,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-terminal","category-review"],"blocksy_meta":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"uk","enabled_languages":["ru","uk"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\/\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/zashchita-ot-duraka-ili-kak-zapretit-izmenenie-udalenie-vazhnykh-papok-i-fajlov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LinuxTheBest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UserAndLINUX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-07-14T19:51:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-14T19:56:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/linuxthebest.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Bez-nazvaniya.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ViGo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UserAndLINUX\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UserAndLINUX\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ViGo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b. \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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